Prevalence and Diagnostic Markers of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Keywords:
Chronic Kidney Disease, Metabolic Acidosis, Glomerular Filtration Rate, ElectrolyteAbstract
Introduction: Metabolic acidosis (MA) is the most common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), exacerbating the progression of disease and adverse outcomes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MA and its predicting factors among CKD patients in the southern governorates of Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study of adult CKD patients (
was performed in Basra, Thi-Qar, and Missan. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, including blood gas analysis and electrolytes assessed using the epoc® Blood Analysis System. Serum bicarbonate levels determined the classification into MA and non-MA groups. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression. Results: Compared with patients without MA, those with MA had significantly lower pH and bicarbonate levels and higher BUN and creatinine levels (
). Lower GFR was independently related to MA (
). Males were more affected by MA (67.3%) than were females (55.6%). Conclusion: MA is common among CKD patients in southern Iraq and strongly correlated with renal function deterioration. Early detection and treatment of MA is vital, especially in patients with reduced GFR.
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